SWIFT: A Narrowband-Friendly Cognitive Wideband Network

Wideband technologies in the unlicensed spectrum can satisfy the ever-increasing demands for wireless bandwidth created by emerging rich media applications. The key challenge for such systems, however, is to allow narrowband technologies that share these bands (say, 802.11 a/b/g/n, Zigbee) to achieve their normal performance, without compromising the throughput or range of the wideband network.This paper presents SWIFT, the first system where high-throughput wideband nodes are shown in a working deployment to coexist with unknown narrowband devices, while forming a network of their own. Prior work avoids narrowband devices by operating below the noise level and limiting itself to a single contiguous unused band. While this achieves coexistence, it sacrifices the throughput and operating distance of the wideband device. In contrast, SWIFT creates high throughput wireless links by weaving together non-contiguous unused frequency bands that change as narrowband devices enter or leave the environment. This design principle of cognitive aggregation allows SWIFT to achieve coexistence, while operating at normal power, and thereby obtaining higher throughput and greater operating range. We implement SWIFT on a wideband hardware platform, and evaluate it in the presence of 802.11 devices. In comparison to a baseline that coexists with narrowband devices by operating below their noise level, SWIFT is equally narrowband-friendly but achieves 3.6x-10.5x higher throughput and 6x greater range

Frequency-aware rate adaptation and MAC protocol

There has been burgeoning interest in wireless technologies that can use wider frequency spectrum. Technology advances, such as 802.11n and ultra-wideband (UWB), are pushing toward wider frequency bands. The analog-to-digital TV transition has made 100-250 MHz of digital whitespace bandwidth available for unlicensed access. Also, recent work on WiFi networks has advocated discarding the notion of channelization and allowing all nodes to access the wide 802.11 spectrum in order to improve load balancing. This shift towards wider bands presents an opportunity to exploit frequency diversity. Specifically, frequencies that are far from each other in the spectrum have significantly different SNRs, and good frequencies differ across sender-receiver pairs. This paper presents FARA, a combined frequency-aware rate adaptation and MAC protocol. FARA makes three departures from conventional wireless network design: First, it presents a scheme to robustly compute per-frequency SNRs using normal data transmissions. Second, instead of using one bit rate per link, it enables a sender to adapt the bitrate independently across frequencies based on these per-frequency SNRs. Third, in contrast to traditional frequency-oblivious MAC protocols, it introduces a MAC protocol that allocates to a sender-receiver pair the frequencies that work best for that pair. We have implemented FARA in FPGA on a wideband 802.11-compatible radio platform. Our experiments reveal that FARA provides a 3.1x throughput improvement in comparison to frequency-oblivious systems that occupy the same spectrum.Industrial Technology Research InstituteNational Science Foundation (U.S.)

Effect of power amplifier nonlinearity on system performance metric, bit-error-rate (BER)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90).by Farinaz Edalat.S.M

Real-time sub-carrier AMC in wideband OFDM wireless systems

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-159).The increasing demand for high speed wireless connectivity at low cost proposes new challenges for communication systems designers to implement solutions that increase the data rate by utilizing the limited radio resources more efficiently at a low additional complexity. Sub-carrier Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) exploits the high frequency diversity in wideband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) channels to obtain higher data rates. While prior work has discussed the value of sub-carrier AMC from a theoretical perspective, this work presents the design and performance of a real-time sub-carrier AMC system. We describe our OFDM transceiver prototype, which implements real-time subcarrier AMC for a wideband wireless channel. We discuss how our design achieves accurate and consistent Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) estimates, which are critical for the success of AMC. We compare the performance of sub-carrier AMC with a non-adaptive scheme that assigns the same modulation and channel coding to all sub-carriers that can support that modulation and coding for the target Bit Error Rate (BER). For a conservative comparison, we compare against the uniform modulation/coding assignment that achieves the highest data rate. Our experiments over the wireless channel show that for a target coded BER of 10-5, our system achieves average data rates of 308.3 and 237.1 Mbps across a variety of Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) locations respectively, which result in 34% and 40% gain over the best non-adaptive scheme. Equivalently, such data rate gain from AMC translates to an SNR improvement of 3 dB. Finally, our implementation of AMC incurs a low overhead of 1.1% of the data rate, and a reasonable complexity, occupying 9.95% of the total transceiver gates on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).by Farinaz Edalat.Ph.D